As a complete denture, the mobile prosthesis is designed to replace all missing teeth in a fully edentulous patient. Its construction presents several difficulties because the reference for restoration of the stoma after the universal loss of teeth is limited.

The complete loss of teeth leads to bone resorption, a process that is continuous, irreversible and occurs whether the person wears or not dentures. As a result we have the flatness of the alveolar ridge, which makes the construction and placement of total denture from difficult to impossible.

After tooth loss, the chin-to-nose relationship is disturbed because the length of the face decreases. The chin tends to approach the nose, especially in people with premalignant jaw progests. The age and time of the loss of teeth are more of an aesthetic facial disorder.

The lips and perioral area are deformed. The red of the lips disappears, creating intense wrinkles in the area with simultaneous dropping of the corners of the mouth. In addition, the rhinocortical groove and the abdominal bile become stronger. The cheeks are brought in and tend to meet the sides of the tongue. Their shape changes and wrinkles appear particularly in the anterior region.

The mouth muscles involved in the preservation of the natural features of the face become weak. With loss of teeth their function is disrupted, with the main consequence of dropping the corners of the mouth. The disturbance of their muscle tone results in a significant reduction in their functional performance due to decreased ability to contract. Thus there is a reduced perfusion, possible fibrous atrophy, permanent contraction and reduced workload.

Increased

Muscle fatigue

Lip extension

Artificial teeth rattling

Faster absorption of alveolar ridges

Displacement of dentures during operation

Decreased

Muscle fatigue

Wrinkles around the mouth

Reduced ability to chew food

Increase of the area of the gums-cheek groove

Alingment of the lip area

Possible lips inflammation

It is distinguished in:

Surgery: Extraction of roots, teeth or cysts – alveolar ridge formation, removal of bone tumors, orthogonal surgery – removal of mucous folds and hyperplasia, arrangement of bridles, groove deepening.

Conservative: modification of dentures used by patients (occlusion correction, elongation and expansion of sub-extensible fins), use of tissue repair materials (use as a temporary base adjustment).

The construction of a total denture presents a lot of difficulties because the reference for restoration of the stoma after the universal loss of teeth is limited. This rehabilitation is not only a matter of mechanical equilibrium but above all of biological harmonization of prosthetic work with the dynamics of the stomagnathic system. The first step is the imprinting of the jaw, that is, the recording of the most detailed negative representation of the tissues to which the restoration is sitting or coming into contact.

The correct imprinting aims at restraint, support, aesthetic restoration and, above all, maintaining the health of oral tissues in good condition. To achieve these goals it is necessary that the base of the denture to be constructed covers as much surface as possible within the functional tolerance of the stoma.

Strength-consistency forces (between mucous-denture)

Atmospheric pressure (peripheral obstruction)

Gravity (positive for bottom-negative for top)

Covered by the total denture surface (area)

Position of the teeth in relation to the alveolar ridges

Chewing level (creation of lateral forces)

Vertical dimension (increased-reduced)

Peripheral denture boundary thickness

Smooth surfaces (lips-cheeks-tongue)

Closure type (balanced closure)

Exploitation of recesses

Denture construction material (degree of saliva wetting)

Covered Surface (mucosal quality)

Saliva quality (saliva viscosity)

Neuromuscular resonance (functional muscles of the neuromuscular system)